A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
Strictly speaking, a semiconductor is a material with an electrical conductivity between that of an insulator and that of a conductor. Semiconductors can be single elements such as silicon or germanium or compounds such as gallium arsenide or indium phosphide. In day to day usage, however, the term "semiconductor" more frequently refers to the components manufactured from semiconductor materials.
- C
Carbon
An element present in all materials of biological origin. The element contains six protons and usually six neutrons in the nucleus. Carbon atoms may bind with each other as well as with a host of other elements. Deposits derived from living sources, such as limestone, coal, oil, and natural gas, contain carbon as a principal element. Graphite and diamonds are composed almost exclusively of carbon.
- 137Cs
Caesium-137
- 14 C
Carbon-14
- C4
Controller Collapse Chip Connection synonomous with IBM Flip Chip technology.
- CA
Conditional Access
Set-Top-Box application
- CAA
Clean Air Act
- CAC 40 (Euronext Paris)
Index which comprises the 30 leading stocks on the Paris Stock Exchange, based upon market capitalization and liquidity.
- CAD
Computer Aided Design
Software and hardware tools that allow graphic design.
It assists in the design of a product and in the verification of its performance by simulation.
- CAE
Computer Aided Engineering
Software and hardware tools that allow for electrical simulation, design and testing.
- CAER
Community Awareness and Emergency Response
- CAFE
Corporate Average Fuel Economy
Automotive application
- CAG
Carcinogen Assessment Group
- CAGR
Compound Annual Growth Rate
Compounded Average Growth Rate
- CAM
1) Computer Aided Manufacturing
Software and hardware tools used in each site to support the manufacturing activities, by providing a real time control of process execution. The CAM is the core part of CIM (Computer Integrated Manufacturing) which includes also CAD (Computer Aided Design) and central planning.
2) Corporate Account Manager 3) Content Addressable Memeories (NVRAM)
- CAM/MES
Manufacturing Execution System
Factory floor information system with several capabilities, eg resource allocation, opera-tions/detailed scheduling, dispatching production units, document control, data collection & acquisition, labour management, quality management, process management, product tracking and genealogy and performance analysis. It can provide feedback from the factory floor on a real-time basis and interfaces with accounting & resource planning system.
- CAN
Controller Area Network
- CANDU
Canadian Deuterium-Uranium Reactor
- Cantilever Loading
A mechanical support structure that allows process boats to be inserted and removed from the process chamber without touching the walls of the process chambers.
- Capability
The inherent potential of a machine or process to produce goods or services that meet specified requirements. The ability to meet these requirements must be demonstrated by measured performance.
- Capacitance
The capability of storing electrical charge. Unit of measure is the Farad (F).
- Capacitance Voltage Plot or C-V Plot
1) A measurement method used to characterize the dopant profile of a p-n junction.
2)An evaluation technique used to measure the quality of a dielectric for fixed charge density (Qf), trapped charge density (Qni), and mobile charge density (Qm). Depending on the methodology chosen, substrate characteristics can also be determined.
- Capacitor
Device for storing an electric charge.
- Capacity Simulation
The ability to do "rough-cut" capacity planning using a simulated master production schedule or material plan rather than live data.
- CAPHAT
Term for packaging for ZEROPOWER and TIMEKEEPER products.
- CAR
Capital Appropriation Requests
Form to be filled for any new investment and submitted for approval.
- CARB
California Air Resources Board
- Carbon
see C
- Carbon dioxide (CO2)
A gas made out of two atoms of oxygen and one atom of carbon (chemical formula CO2). It is the product of aerobic respiration, decomposition and carbon fuel consumption. It plays a fundamental role in the respiration process. The concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere changes depending on the season of the year: it reaches its maximum in fall/winter (when tree respiration prevails) and its minimum in spring/summer (when trees /photosynthesis prevails). Carbon dioxide is also released by combustion of fossil fuels (gas, oil, coal) through industrial activities and transportation, and is causing an increase of the carbon dioxide concentration in the atmosphere. Some measurements indicate that this concentration has increased from 270 ppm to 350 ppm in the last 200 years. Because carbon dioxide absorbs infrared radiation, rising levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere have prompted concerns about climatic change (see Greenhouse effect).
- Carbon monoxide (CO)
An odorless, colorless, and tasteless gas that is an air contaminant formed by the incomplete combustion of carbon fuels, such as wood, coal, or gasoline. Classed as an asphyxiant gas, absorbed carbon monoxide combines with hemoglobin in the blood to form carboxyhemoglobine which impairs oxygen delivery to the tissues. The major source for human exposure is the car.
- Carbon-14 (14C)
A radioactive isotope of carbon that emits beta particles when it undergoes radioactive decay. The nucleus of a 14C atom contains eight neutrons rather than the six neutrons found in 12C, which is the most abundant isotope in nature.
Carbon-14 is formed naturally in the Earth's atmosphere through the interaction of nitrogen gas in the air with cosmic rays. The atmospheric 14C thus produced, combines with atmospheric oxygen and is converted to carbon dioxide (14CO2). Because the radioactive form of carbon dioxide mixes with the normal, nonradioactive, carbon dioxide in the atmosphere and because the radioactive and nonradioactive forms of carbon dioxide undergo the same chemical reactions, both forms can be found in living plant tissue as a result of /photosynthesis. While the plant is alive, the ratio of 14C to 12C remains about the same as time passes. However, when the plant dies, carbon dioxide from the air is no longer incorporated into the plant mass. The radioactive form of carbon decays with a half-life of about 5760 years; consequently, the ratio between the two isotopes in the dead plant changes as time passes and the radioactive carbon decays. The changes in this 14C : 12C ratio can be used to date materials. If a buried tree contains one-half of the radioactive carbon that one finds in a live tree (relative to the amount of normal carbon present), the tree is approximately 5760 years old. Materials older than 70,000 years cannot be aged by this technique since almost all of the radioactive carbon has decayed. Carbon-14 is also known as radiocarbon.
- Carriers
Holes or electrons that are available in a semiconducting device for conduction of electric current.
- Carrier Gas
An inert gas used to transport other elements to a process chamber or tube.
- Carrier Positive
Hole - or negative electron - electrical charge.
Free carriers are charges that move within the material. The majority carriers are those which are dominant in a semiconductor. For example, in a N-type semiconductor, the majority carriers are electrons.
- CAS
1) Chemical Abstracts Service
2) Column-Adress Strobe
- CAS number
Chemical Abstracts Service Registry number
- CASA
Corporate Advanced System Architectures
1) ST department based in Agrate. Studies new electronic system architectures.
2) In ST, also short for Casablanca.
- Casablanca
Economic capital of Morocco where ST's Ain Sebaâ and Bouskoura plants are located.
- Casalecchio di Reno
Small town near Bologna. Location of one of ST's sales office.
- CASE
Computer Aided Software Engineering
- Cascade Training
The successive top-down training where the manager trains his subordinates who thereafter trains their subordinates and so on.
- Cash flow
A financial term generally designating the balance between company cash inflows and outflows.
- Castelletto
Name of ST site in town of Cornaredo near Milan. Used by TPA for design, development and pilot production. Originally this was in the territory of Settimo Milanese. The name "Castelletto" (little castle) comes from the name of a farm originally at site.
- CAT
1) Corrective Action Team A team appointed by Management to solve a specific critical problem. A CAT team is results-oriented and disbands after the problem is solved.
2) Computer Aided Testing 3) Customer Quality Tracking
- Catalytic converter
An air pollution control device, installed in an automobile exhaust system, that reduces the levels of hydrocarbons and carbon monoxide exiting the tailpipe. The catalyst enhances the oxidation of hydrocarbons to carbon dioxide and water vapor and the oxidation of carbon monoxide to carbon dioxide. Three-way catalysts also include in the device a reducing catalyst that converts nitric oxide and nitrogen dioxide to nitrogen gas.
- Catania
Town in south of Italy, in Sicily. Location of one of the major ST 8" Manufacturing facility.
- Cathode Sputtering
A method of depositing thin films, that employs a high-energy bombardment to release the source material.
- CATV
Cable Television
- Cause and effect diagram
One of the Q7 Tools for individual or group problem-solving, that uses a graphic description of the various process elements, to analyze the characteristics of a process or situation and the factors that contribute to them. Also called a Fishbone diagram (according to its appearance) or an Ishikawa diagram (its inventor).
- Cavito
CApicity VIsibility TOol
- CBA
Cost-Benefit Analysis
- CBC
Cipher Block Chaining
- CBE
Central Back-End
Organization of the Company which manages all Back-End plants.
- CBGA
Ceramic Ball Grid Array
- CBI
1) Critical Business Issue
2) Confidential Business Information
3) Complementary Binary
- CBT
Computer Based Training Training technique based on the use of interactive computer programs.
- CCAP
Climate Change Action Plan
- CC
1) Constant Current
2) Cost Center
- CCC
Chips Carried by Cards (i.e., chips used on smartcards) Integrated circuit dice designed to be mounted in card packages. Used for memory cards, access control, banking, pay TV and many other applications.
- CCD
1) Corporate Communications Department
2) Charge Coupled Device
A device utilizing a technique in which information is stored and transported by means of packets of minute electrical charges.
- CCGA
Ceramic Column Grid Array. Uses columns instead of balls, mostly IBM.
- CCI
Copper Clad Invar
- CCITT
International Telegraphy & Telephony Consultative Committee
- cc:Mail
Electronic mail program produced by Lotus. One of the softwares used by ST.
- CCMSQA
Corporate Certificate Materials Supplier Quality Assessment
- CCRP
Corporate Capacity Required Planning Visibility Logistic
The Corporate system for capacity management.
- CCSL
Compatible Current Sinking Logic
- CCTV
Closed Circuit TV
- CCW
Counter Clock-Wise
- CD
1) Compact Disk
Optical disk read by laser. Originally developed for audio use. Now widely used for data (CD-ROM) and compressed video.
2) Confirmed Date
The date the Company commits to deliver to a customer. When a customer places an order they ask for delivery on the Requested Date. ST confirms the order indicating the Confirmed Date of delivery. Ideally the CD should always be the same as the RD.
3) Critical Dimension
The width or space of critical circuit elements in an IC.
- Cd
Cadmium
- CDBF
Chlorinated dibenzofurans
- CDC
Center for Disease Control
- CDD
Chlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin
- CDDIC
Transmission technology
Telecom appication.
- CDF
Chlorinated dÆbenzofuran
- CD-I
Compact Disk Interactive
- CdInteractive multimedia system developed by Philips which supports sound and graphics in the base version. Video can be included in the optional Full Motion Video version. CDI-FMV uses MPEG compression technology.
- CDI
Collector-Diffusion Isolation
- CDIL
Ceramic Dual In Line
- CDM
1) Climatological Dispersion Model
2) Charged Device Model
- CDMA
Code-Division Multiple Access
A Digital Cellular technology that uses spread-spectrum techniques.
- CDPD
Cellular Digital Packet Data
- CD-ROM
Compact Disk Read Only Memory
A compact disk used for storage of text and graphics data rather than digital audio. Defined by IS-9660 standard.
- CEA
1) One of the shareholders of ST Microelectronics, stands for Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique.
2) Cost-Effective Analysis
3) Cost and Economic Assessment
- CEB
Chemical Element Balance
- CEC
Carbon Exchange Capacity
- CECC
Cenelec Electronic Components Committee
Key ISO 9000 certifier
- CECL
Cascode Emitter-Coupled Logic
- CEDAC
Cause and Effect Diagram with Addition of Cards
- CEM
1) Continuous Emission Monitoring
2) Customer Equipment Manufacturing
3) Contract Equipment Manufacturing
Companies that produce on a design provided by other companies (OEM).
- CEMF
Counter ElectroMotive Force
- Centerless Grinding
A special grinding process used to shape the grown boule (ingot) into the final diameter. This process is done prior to slicing the boule into the individual wafers.
- CEO
Chief Executive Officer
- CEPP
Chemical Emergency Preparedness Plan
- CERCLA
Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act
- CERCLIS
Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Information System
- CERDIP
CERamic Dual In-line Package
A package assembled with the leadframe sandwiched between two ceramic layers and sealed by firing a glass frit.
- CERMET
A combination of ceramic and metal powders used for thin-film resistors (and thick-film).
- CERPACK
CERamic PACKage
cerquad, cerpac or cerpak .
- Certification
The auditing of a company's Quality system, by a duly recognized body. If conformance with pre-defined standards is met a certificate of conformance will be issued, and the company is then "certified" or "registered".
- CES
Consumer Electronics Show
- CEWGs
Corporate Environmental Working Groups
- CF
Center Frequency
- CFC
ChloroFluoroCarbon
- CFI
1) CAD Framework Initiative
2) Common Flash Interface
- CFL
Compact Florescent Lamp
- CFM
1) Central Front-end Manufacturing
Company organization managing the wafer fabs.
2) Chlorofluoromethanes
3) Cubic Feet per Minute
- CFN
Cross Fertilization Network
- CFO
Chief Financial Officer
- CFR
Code of Federal Regulations
- CFT
Cross-Functional Teams
- CGA
Color Graphics Adapter
- CGI
Common Gateway Interface
- CGM
Computer Graphics Meta file
- CGMS
Copy Generation Management Signal
Channel
The conducting layer between source and drain of an MOS transistor that is induced by the applied gate voltage.
- Characterization
When semiconductor devices are manufactured there is a slight variation in performance between parts. During the pre-production phase the characteristics of a number of parts are measured to determine the mean and the tolerance for each parameter. This process is called characterization.
- Characterization manager
The manager contains an open autotest, smartcard ( See Manager).
- CHE
Channel Hot Electrons
- CHECK-LIST
A check-list is a pre-defined document with a series of steps that must be followed in order to carry out an operation properly. These steps could, for example, be a list of conditions which must be met, or a list of objects whose presence must be verified, and so on. Besides this main use of a check-list, as a memory jogger, especially for repetitive and/or essential operations, there is a secondary use which is to obtain formal confirmation that a given check has been carried out.
- Check Points/Control Points
See Kaizen.
- Chemical Etching
The use of liquid chemicals to remove a particular material.
- Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD)
A chemical measure of the amount of organic substances in water or wastewater. A strong oxidizing agent together with acid and heat are used to oxidize all carbon compounds in a sample. Nonbiodegradable compounds or compounds which degrade slowly, which are not detected by the test for Biochemical Oxygen Demand, are included in the analysis. The actual measurement involves a determination of the amount of oxidizing agent (typically, potassium dichromate) that is reduced during the reaction.
The ST Corporate COD limit for sites that discharge into streams or rivers, or into sewers which are not connected to a municipal sewer works, is 90 mg/l.
- CHEMNET
Chemical Industry Emergency Mutual Aid Network
- Chemosphere
The region of the upper atmosphere including the mesosphere and upper stratosphere in which various sunlight-driven chemical reactions occur.
- ChipP
A component made from a silicon wafer without any connectors. Common term for semiconductor device.
- Chip Carrier
A square (or rectangular) IC package with 1/0 connections on four sides; connections may be leadless or leaded.
- Chlorides
Negative chlorine ions (Cl-), found naturally in some surface waters and groundwaters and in high concentrations in seawater. Higher-than-normal chloride concentrations in fresh water, due to sodium chloride (table salt) that is used on foods and present in body wastes, can indicate sewage pollution. It can also be due to industrial discharges, especially where waste hydrochloric acid is neutralized. The use of highway de-icing salts can also introduce chlorides into surface water or groundwater. Elevated groundwater chlorides in drinking water wells near coastlines may indicate saltwater intrusion.
- Chlorinated organic compounds
Synthetic chemical substances containing chlorine, hydrogen, and carbon, obtained by the chlorination of organic compounds. The presence of chlorine in organic compounds generally causes these materials to break down slowly in the environment - this is a sign of the fact that very few chlorinated organic compounds exist naturally, so that the environment's natural decomposers have not evolved to break them down. Many classes of chlorinated hydrocarbons are industrially important. One of the most well-known are the chlorinated solvents, which are implicated in many cases of environmental contamination. The best known of this class are carbon tetrachloride, chloroform, methylene chloride, trichloroethylene (TCE), tetrachloroethylene (also known as perchloroethylene, or "perc") and 1,1,1-trichloroethane (TCA). Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) as well as chlorinated phenols, both families which have been implicated in environmental contamination, are part of this group. The chlorofluorocarbons (CFC) are also in this family.
Finally, many of the first generation of insecticides which were found in the late 1960's to have severe environmental implications, are chlorinated hydrocarbons, including DDT, mirex, aldrin, kepone, lindane, heptachlor, toxaphene, and many others.
- Chlorination
The addition, through various types of chemical reaction, of chlorine to organic compounds. It is also the process of adding chlorine to water or wastewater in order to kill or inactivate dangerous microorganisms or viruses. Chlorine in various forms, such as chlorine gas, bleach, or solid chlorine-containing compounds, can be used.
- Chlorine (C12)
One of a group of elements classified as the halogens. Chlorine, the most common halogen, is a greenish yellow gas with an irritating odor. Chlorine is very reactive; it forms salts with metals, forms acids when dissolved in water, and combines readily with hydrocarbons. A major use of chlorine is in the organic chemicals industry where it is used as a raw material for the production of the numerous chlorinated organic compounds still in use. It is also used in large quantities by the paper industry, either as the gas or in the form of hypochlorite, where it is used to bleach paper to make it whiter. Various forms of chlorine are also used to disinfect water. Chlorine is produced by the electrolysis of brine (concentrated salt solution).
- Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs)
A class of simple hydrocarbon derivatives in which chlorine and fluorine are substituted for some or all of the hydrogen atoms (e.g., CCl2F2). They are commonly called freons, which is a Dupont de Nemour's registered trade mark. They are denoted by a numbering system, the most common being CFC-11, CFC-12, CFC-113 and CFC-115. As a group, these compounds are volatile, nonreactive, noncorrosive, and nonflammable. They were used widely in consumer products (propellants in aerosol sprays, and coolants in refrigerators and air conditioners) and in industrial applications (as a solvent and to blow various types of plastic foam, e.g. polyurethane foams and "Styrofoam"). The chlorofluorocarbons have been implicated in the reduction of the ozone content of the stratosphere (ozone layer), and are greenhouse gases.
- CHRG
Corporate Human Resources Group
- Chrome, Chromium
A metal element.
1) The metal is used as the opaque layer in a reticle and or mask.
2) The metal is used as part of a die attach alloy or metal interconnect composition.
- Ci
Curie
- CIC
Copper Invar Copper
- CIF
1) Cost Insurance Freight
2) Common Interchange Format
- CIFRE
PhD students working in ST to preform their thesis. Stands for "Conventi ons Industrielles de Formation par la REcherche".
- CIM
Computer Integrated Manufacturing
- CIS
Chemical Information System
- CISC
Complex Instruction Set Computer
A type of microprocessor that handles data in a different way than a RISC processor.
- CITES
Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of wild fauna and flora
- CKA
Corporate Key Account
Top strategic customer/partner
- CKT
Circuit
- Cl
Chlorine
- CL
Current Loop
- Clarification
The process of removing particulate matter from wastewater. Normally, the water is allowed to stand in a clarifier, a device or tank in which wastewater is held to allow the settling of particulate matter.
- Class
In semiconductor wafer manufacture, the term "class" refers to the cleanliness of the manufacturing environment. The number associated with the term (1000, 100, 10, 1) refers to the maximum number of particles above a given size found in a cubic foot of air.
- CLCC
Ceramic Leaded Chip Carrier
- Clean room
Controlled environment where IC's are fabricated. The area is specially constructed to control the air flow, temperature, and humidity in such a way that constant filtration keeps contamination below some predetermined level and temperature and humidity within predetermined limits.
- Cleanroom Class
A government specification issued as FED-STD-209 that defined the number of particles of a given size and distribution per cubic volume of space for each class.
- Clean technologies
A term used to denote process technologies which use less natural resources and/or generate less waste or pollution than existing ones.
- Cleanup
The decontamination of water, soil or an aquifer that is determined to contain concentrations of a leaked or spilled substance that threatens public health or the environment. Cleanup is normally divided into either on-site cleanup or off-site cleanup. On-site cleanup consists of the treatment of the contaminated media without removing it. Off-site cleanup consists of the removal of the contaminated material for treatment or disposal in off-site facilities. Cleanup technologies commonly used are: thermal treatment, where the contaminated media are heated to temperatures that destroy the pollutants; physical treatment, where air or water are used to extract the pollutant from the contaminated media for further treatment; chemical treatment, where solvent or other chemicals are used to extract the pollutant from the contaminated media for further treatment; biological treatment, where selected microorganisms decompose the pollutants. The use of these technologies depends on the type of contamination and the environmental media contaminated.
- Clipwatt
ST plastic power IC package designed to be mounted using a spring clip.
- CLK
Clock
- Clock
A device, usually based on a quartz crystal, that gives off regular pulses used to coordinate a device's operations.
- Closed autotest
A production test firmware Smartcard appliactions.
- CLP
Chlorine-Loading Potential
- cm
centimeter
- CM
Credit Memo
- CMB
Chemical Mass Balance
- CME
Central Material Europe (located in St Genis)
- CMG
Consumer and Microcontrollers Group
One of ST's division. The previous name for this division was PPG.
- CML
Current Mode Logic
- CMM
Capability Maturity Model
- CMOS
Complementary MOS (Metal Oxide Semiconductor)
A process used to design and fabricate both NMOS (a MOS transistor that has negative -electron- flow) and PMOS (a MOS transistor which has positive -hole- flow) transistors on one substrate. Noted for having low power consumption.
- CMP
Chemical-Mechanical Polishing
Cleaning process for multilevel interconnection.
- CN
Cyanide
- CNU
Coaxial Network Unit
Set-Top-Box applications
- CO
Carbon Monoxide
- Coating
Technological operation which deposits a controlled thickness of a material that differs from the substrate, on the wafer surface.
- COB
1) Chip On Board
An integrated circuit die mounted directly onto a printed circuit board, without a package. Used in very low cost products.
2) Commission des Opérations de Bourse: in France it is the equivalent of SEC (Stock Exchange Commission in the USA.
- COC
1) Certificate Of
Conformance
2) Chlorinated Organic Compounds
- COD
Chemical Oxygen Demand
- CODEC
COder DECoder
Coefficient of Diffusion
The rate at which a diffusant will diffuse into bulk material at a given temperature; measured in cm2/sec.
- COFDM
Coded Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplex
Automotive applications
- Cogeneration
The use of steam or heat to generate electricity and to process materials. The most common example is in the standard thermal production of electricity: after the high-pressure steam has been routed through a turbine to generate electricity it is used again in some industrial process. The major advantage of cogeneration is that it maximizes the use of thermal energy generated through the combustion of fuels.
- COH
Coefficient Of Haze
- COHB
Carboxyhemoglobin
- Collector
One of the three zones of the bipolar transistor that "collects" the emitted electrons and then passes them on through a conductor, completing the electrical circuit.
- Colleoni
Business Center in Agrate Brianza, near Milan, Italy. Houses some ST offices. It is five minutes drive from the ST Agrate plant.
- COMBO
(abbreviation of combination)
In electronics usually refers to an integrated circuit that combines the functions of a CODEC and filters, although it is also used generically to describe any circuit that combines several functions on one chip.
- Combustion
A rapid chemical reaction of a fuel with oxygen that produces heat and light.
The combustion of carbon fuels (wood, coal, natural gas, petroleum products) produces a mixture of exhaust gases that includes water vapor, carbon dioxide, nitrogen, and oxides of nitrogen.
- Common Causes
Unidentified numerous factors that contribute to normal variation although each factor contribute with a relatively small importance. Also referred to as Natural Variation.
- COMP
1) Competition
2) Complementary
- Compander
Electronic circuit that compresses and expands a signal.
- Compost
The material produced by composting, useful as a soil conditioner. Composting is the controlled degradation by aerobic microorganisms of organic materials in solid waste. Humidified solid waste is stacked in piles or rows, which are turned periodically to ensure that sufficient oxygen is present for the decomposers. The process is conducted on scales ranging from backyard heaps to tractor-using operations at solid waste processing facilities.
- Compound Semiconductor
A semiconductor usually formed by the compound of Group III and Group IV elements such as GaAs, GaInP, etc.
- Con Bon
Consigned Inventory
- Concentration
The amount of chemical substance in a given amount of air, water, soil, food, or other medium. The value can be expressed as the mass of the chemical in a given mass of the medium, the volume of the chemical in a given volume of the medium, or the mass of the chemical in a given volume of the medium. For gaseous air contaminant concentrations, two expressions are appropriate: a volume/volume ratio and a mass/volume ratio. The volume/volume ratio units are typically parts per million (volume) (ppm(v)) or parts per billion (volume) (ppb(v)), equivalent to one liter of pollutant in one million liters of air or in one billion liters of air, respectively. The mass/volume units are typically milligrams or micrograms of pollutant per cubic meter of air. For airborne particulate matter (dust), only mass/volume units are used, typically micrograms of particulate per cubic meter of air. In water, mass/volume and mass/mass ratios are used; the volume and mass of the aqueous medium are easily interchanged because one liter of water has a mass of one kilogram. Typical units are milligrams or micrograms of pollutant per liter of water, which is equivalent to parts per million (mass) (ppm) or parts per billion (mass) (ppb), respectively. Soil and food concentrations are mass/mass ratios, in milligrams or micrograms of a chemical per kilogram of food or soil, which is the same as parts per million (mass) (ppm) or parts per billion (mass) (ppb), respectively.
- Concentration (Dopant)
The level of dopant materials as compared to "pure" semiconductor materials within the structure. The net concentration establishes the characteristic conduction pattern and other characteristics of the material.
- Concurrent Engineering
The development of new designs through cross-functional teams. Also called Simultaneous Engineering.
- Conduction (band)
Energy space in which free electrons evolve.
- Conductor, Electrical
A material capable of carrying (conducting) electricity. Silver is the best electrical conductor. Copper, gold, and aluminum are also popular conductors. Aluminum is the conductor most commonly used in IC fabrication.
- CONF
1) Confidential
2) Confirming
- CONQ
Cost Of Non-Quality
(also called Price of non-conformance, and often referred to as Cost Of Quality)
This is the cost incurred by quality problem. It includes costs of replacement, repair, reworking and failure analysis. Usually analyzed by cost of prevention, cost of detection, cost of internal failure and cost of external failure. Ideally cost of prevention should be separated and treated as an investment, to reduce the other three costs.
- Contact Aligner
An optical system that uses contact printing (the mask touches the wafer) to expose a wafer.
- Contact Printing
Exposure of a wafer by passing light through a mask that is in direct contact with the photoresist-coated wafer. Chrome working plates are most commonly used due to their longer life, but emulsion working plates can be used to reduce damage to the wafer.
- Contacts
The regions of exposed silicon that are uncovered prior to the metallization process to provide electrical access to individual devices.
- Contamination
A general term used to describe unwanted material or foreign matter that adversely affects the electrical characteristics of a semiconductor wafer.
- Continuous improvement
Standards and processes must be continuously improved to find more efficient ways of doing things. The idea is that everyone in an organization is constantly working to improve all aspects of the business. This is one of the cornerstones of quality. There is always a method to get a better quality at a lower cost.
- Control Chart
Graphic method to evaluate if a process is in a state of statistical control.
- COO
certificate of origin 2) Cost Of Ownership
- COP
1) Community Of Practice
2) Controller Oriented Processor
- Copper (Cu)
One of a group of metallic elements classified as heavy metals. The metal has high thermal and electrical conductivity and is both ductile and malleable which means that it can be drawn into wire and rolled into sheets with ease. Copper forms many salts, which are generally strongly blue or green in color. From an environmental point of view, copper is considered a significant water pollutant since it has a high aquatic toxicity.
- Core
A type of microprocessor that can be inserted into a chip design for a system-on-chip solution.
- CoRiMMe
Consorzio Ricerca Microelettronica per il Mezzogiorno
- Cornaredo
Small town west of Milan, Italy, where ST Castelletto Laboratory is located.
- Cost of ownership
The cost of acquiring raw materials, components, subsystems, etc. In calculating the cost of ownership it is necessary to add to the initial purchase price additional costs such as:
- Cost of quality control on receipt of the item;
- Cost of 100% inspection;
- Cost of reliability tests;
- Cost of stock in warehouse;
- Unwanted production cost induced by Quality problems; v- Cost in the field due to reliability problems;
- Cost due to loss of customer.
Law purchasing costs (which may reflect poor material quality) can be nullified by the additional costs the Company will incur subsequently (see also Partnership).
The same concept can be applied to an individual purchasing a car. The owner will have to add the costs of breakdowns, to the basic purchasing price.
- Cp
(Capability index)
The capability index indicates the relationship between the product's specification (planned tolerances) and the process capability or spread (natural tolerance of the production process). The process has to be in statistical control, i.e. only common causes of variation are present.
When the Cp increases, the margin between what the process is "capable" of producing and what it is required to produce become wider. With a Cp of 1 the percentage of rejects is about 0.3%, or 3000 parts per million (PPM) (also known as the condition of 3 sigma).
With a Cp of 2, the rejects are about 0.0007%, or 7 PPM (condition of 6 sigma).
- CP
Customer Profile
Database of Customer Information.
- CPA
Corporate Purchasing Agreement
- CPD
Corporate Package Development
- CPF
Cancer (Carcinogenic) Potency Factor
- CPGA
Ceramic Pin Grid Array
- CPI
1) Chemical Process Industries
2) Character Per Inch
- Cpk
Process capability When a process is in statistical control we need to measure its ability or fitness for meeting a specification. A good measurement is Cpk: it takes into account both centering and dispersion (accuracy and precision). When both the Cp and Cpk have the same value, it indicates that the process is centered with the nominal value of the product specification. This is the optimum condition. When the process suffers from the effect of variables which drift in time, and it is no longer centered with the nominal value of the product, it is useful to know the value of Cpk. While the value of Cp may remain unchanged, the value of Cpk may vary.
The Cpk calculated with the data obtained from a process provides the measure of the performance of that process.
- CPLD
Complex Programmable Logic Device
- CP/M
Control Program for Microcomputers (operating system)
- CPM
1) Critical Path Method A planning tool for graphically displaying the relationship between separate activities in a project and determining the minimum time (critical path) required for project completion.
2) Control Program Monitor
- CPS
Customer Perception Survey
- CPU
Central Processing Unit
- CQFP
Ceramic Quad Flat Package
- Cr
Chromium
- CRC
1) Cyclic Redundancy Check (error detection scheme)
2) Check Redundant Cells
- CRM
Customer Relationship Management
The tool for managing customer contact issues.
- CRN
1) Customer Responsiveness Network 2) Carrollton
- Crolles Small town near Grenoble in southeast France, site of ST R&D and production departments for submicron technologies on 8" wafers.
- CROM
Control Read-Only Memory
- Cross-Functional Teams
Teams composed of representatives from various organizations who meet on a regular basis to address issues that require on-going interdepartmental cooperation for Continuous Improvement.
- Crossovers
Locations in integrated circuits where separate current paths cross one another. These are accomplished by using a low resistance diffused path (emitter diffusion) for one path and the metallization for the other. The two paths are insulated from one another by the SiO2-
- CRP
Capacity Required Planning
Establishing, measuring and adjusting limits or levels of capacity. In this case, CRP refers to the process of determining in detail the amount of labour and machine resources required to meet production needs.
- CRR
Carrier
- CRT
Cathode Ray Tube
- CRUM
Customer Replaceable Unit Model
- CRW
Chlorine Residual in Water
- Crystalography
The science and classification of crystals, particularly the semiconductor material, employed to fabricate transistors and integrated circuits.
- Crystal Orientation
The relationship of wafer surface to the crystal facets at which the crystal is sliced. Each crystal orientation has direct effect on device characteristics.
- CS
Control Strobe
- CSA
Canadian Standards Associations
- CSF
Critical Success Factor
- CSL
Current-Sinking Logic
- CSMA/CD
Carrier Sense Multiple Access/Collision Detect
- CSO
Ceramic Small Outline
- CSP
Chip Scale Package
- CSS
Clock Security System
- CSU/DSU
Channel Services Unit/Data-port Services Unit
- CT
Cycle Time The elapsed time for completion of a cycle of any process (between the first and last stages of production).
- CT2
Digital Cordless Telephone Generation2.
- CTC
Counter/Timer Circuit
- CTE
Coefficient of Thermal Expansion. Important property of materials; often called TCE.
- CTI
Computer Telephony Integration
- CTL
1) Complementary Transistor Logic
2) Central Technical Library
- also called CTLib
- CTN
Carton
- CTRL
Control key
- CTS
Clear To Send
- CTV
1) Color TV
2) Community Antenna Television
- Cu
Copper
- Cum (Cumulative) Yield
The output of several manufacturing process steps divided by the input or the yields of several consecutive steps multiplied togethe.
- Current
The flow of electrons. Usually measured in amperes (amp or A).
- Curve Tracer
An electrical tester that displays a X & Y relationship on the face of a CRT.
- Customer
Within a company, the "internal customer" is that person or organization that receives our service or semi-finished product. The person or organization that provides the service or semi-finished product is called the supplier. Thus each person or organization within a company is at different times a supplier or a customer. The "external customer" is the person that uses the product or the services supplied by ST. It should be noted that different types of customers may exist for a given product or service.
- Customer focus
In the TQM approach, anyone, individual or organization, who is impacted by our processes and products. The concept that top priority must be given to working on those things that satisfy short term and long term customer needs. This is true for every employee and refers to internal as well as external customers.
- Customer satisfaction
A condition achieved when a product or service meets all customers' expectations and requirements. The new frontier of customer satisfaction is customer delight.
- CV
Constant Voltage
- CVBS
Composite Video Broadcasting Signal
- CVD
Chemical Vapor Deposition
A method of uniformly depositing films of insulators or conductors on a wafer to either isolate or connect circuit elements. Lithography defines a pattern of film that is to remain after an etch step. There are two ways of achieving the deposition: plasma assisted (PECVD) or low pressure (LPCVD).
- CVR
Customer Visit Report
- CVS
Constant Voltage Stress
- CVT
Constant Voltage Transformer
- CW
Clockwise
- CWA
Clean Water Act
- CWE
Central Warehouse Europe
(located in St Genis).
- CWQC
Company Wide Quality Control
- CYA
Clever strategy used by most managers to avoid accountability.
- Cyanides (CN)
An organic group made up of carbon and nitrogen. This group can react with metals and other inorganic elements to form inorganic cyanides or with organic compounds to form organic cyanides. Most cyanides are extremely poisonous to man; they are also a significant water pollutant because of their very high aquatic toxicity.
|
|
|
|
